Physics plays a crucial role in predicting ball movement on a roulette wheel by providing insights into the dynamics of motion, energy transfer, and the effects of friction and gravity. Understanding concepts like angular momentum, velocity, and the forces acting on the ball allows players to analyze its trajectory as it interacts with the wheel's surface and the pockets. Factors such as the wheel's tilt, the speed at which the ball is spun, and the materials involved all influence its path.