Automatic chip sorting machines use advanced sensors and fast mechanical or pneumatic systems to quickly detect and separate defective or unwanted items from a stream of chips. They rely on technologies like cameras, lasers, and infrared sensors to analyze characteristics such as color, size, and shape, instantly identifying any imperfections or deviations. Once identified, high-speed actuators or air jets push the rejected items out of the line, ensuring only the desired chips continue. This process, controlled by sophisticated algorithms, allows for rapid and precise sorting, optimizing both speed and quality in production.