Blackjack has evolved significantly from its origins in the French game Vingt-et-Un, with fundamental rules focused on achieving a total of 21. As the game spread to the United States, various rules were introduced, such as doubling down and splitting pairs, which enhanced player engagement. The rise of Las Vegas in the mid-20th century led to standardized rules, side bets, and the popularization of card counting strategies that challenged the house edge. Today, technology has further transformed blackjack, giving rise to online variations and innovative formats, allowing players to explore diverse strategies and gaming experiences.