The TRUs at the casino were the source of the issue. Exact change was not provided by these machines. For any money left over under a dollar, they printed a second voucher instead. Gamers could insert this additional voucher into another machine or cash it in at a cashier's window. The plaintiff claimed that this arrangement violated Massachusetts gambling laws in addition to the casino's own policies. He claimed that by not paying out full cash payouts, it deceived customers.